Time of Concentration
The dialog box for estimating time of concentration using the Kirpich method is shown below.
· Unit System – English or SI unit.
· Solving Target – Choose time of concentration.
· Equations – Select one of the eight … Read the rest
3.4 Gradually Varied Flow
Discussions in the previous sections have focused on uniform flow hydraulics where flow depth y and flow velocity V remain constant along the channel. In this section, we consider gradually varied flow, which is a form of steady nonuniform flow characterized by gradual variations in flow … Read the rest
Note for SWMM6 - this may be useful for any discussion of a Slot in SWMM6. A Preissmann Slot is used in InfoWorks ICM, XPSWMM and one of the solutions of SWMM4
Wave Speed
The wave speed, c, is influenced by the elasticity of the pipe wall. For a … Read the rest
2.3.1 Flow Calculator (Simple in Innovyze H2OCalc)
The Flow Calculator category performs hydraulic calculations for the following elements: Circular Channel, Rectangular Channel, Triangular Channel, Trapezoidal Channel, Irregular Channel, and Pressurized Pipe.
Circular Channel
The circular channel dialog box is shown below.
Input for circular channel:
3.11 Weirs in Innovyze H2OCalc
Discharge in channels and small streams can be conveniently measured by using a weir. Weirs can be categorized in to two: sharp crested and broad crested.
Sharp-Crested Weir
A sharp-crested weir is a vertical plate placed in a channel that forces the liquid to flow … Read the rest
3.6 Pump Calculations in Innovyze H2OCalc
A Pump is used to augment head to the system (water distribution systems or waste water collection systems), and helps to lift water from low lying locations to a top of a hill or reservoir so that water could flow by gravity. The following … Read the rest
3.14 Water Hammer
Surge analysis is important to estimate the worst-case events in the Water Distribution Systems (WDS). Transient regimes in WDS are inevitable and will normally occur as a result of action at pump stations and control valves. Regions that are particularly susceptible to transients are high elevation areas, … Read the rest
3.3 Moody Friction Factor Calculator
Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, f, can be evaluated in terms of equivalent sand grain roughness, e, and Reynolds number, Re. Reynolds number is a dimensionless ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces acting on flow and is defined for any cross-sectional shape as
For … Read the rest
3.7 Head loss due to Transitions and Fittings (Local loss)
Whenever flow velocity changes direction or magnitude in a conduit (e.g., at fittings, bends, and other appurtenances) added turbulence is induced. The energy associated with that turbulence is eventually dissipated into heat that produces a minor head loss, or local … Read the rest
3.13 Urban Drainage Structures
The methodology presented here for analysis and design of the drainage structures described in this section is based on HEC-22 manual (FHWA, 2001)
Gutter Flow
Gutters are the sections of roadway that run adjacent to the curb. Their purpose is to collect and convey surface runoff … Read the rest